Jewish history in the region dates back to the 16th century, when by the will of Ferdinand 1st de Medici, the “Livornine” laws offered a kind of immunity for those of Jewish descent and their property, and promised that they would not live in a ghetto, but rather have equal rights in property and law. Following the proclamation, the Sephardic Jewish population quickly grew in the area, over 10 times what it was before, and also greatly prospered in trade and industry.

Your tour will take you to the site of the present-day synagogue, as the beautifully adorned synagogue of the late 16th century was destroyed by allied bombers in WWII. Visit the museum and the old part of the cemetery. The synagogue was inaugurated in 1962 and houses a noteworthy, gilded, carved, wooden "Aron HaKodesh" (Holy Ark) (1702).